气候变暖对血吸虫病传播的影响及相关研究技术的应用

钉螺是日本血吸虫的中间宿主, 钉螺的分布与血吸虫病的分布一致。温度是钉螺孳生的重要环境因素之一, 研究气候变暖对钉螺的孳生和血吸虫病传播的影响具有重要意义。本文就气候变暖对钉螺的生长繁殖和血吸虫病传播的影响, 以及相关研究技术作一综述。     

中药材生姜孳生速生薄口螨的情况调查及形态观察

目的了解中药材生姜中速生薄口螨孳生情况。方法采集市售生姜,用毛刷反复刷其根部,收集刷落下来的皮屑和灰尘,在光镜下查找并挑出螨,制作标本,参照文献进行螨种鉴定。结果经鉴定该螨为速生薄口螨。在100 g样本中检获速生薄口螨共14只(包括成螨和休眠体),孳生密度为0.14只/g。结论中药材生姜中可孳生速生薄口螨,需采取防治措施。     

黄芩无公害栽培生产体系研究

黄芩为我国常用中药材大品种之一,现今黄芩野生资源大量减少,由于人工栽培过程中种质退化、盲目引种、农药化肥施用不合理以及田间病虫害加重等因素导致黄芩药材质量下降和农残重金属超标,建立黄芩无公害栽培体系是解决该问题的有效方式。本研究基于403个黄芩产区地理位点生态因子,通过GMPGIS系统获得适宜黄芩生长的生态因子值,指导黄芩引种扩种,并从良种选育、田间管理、肥料农药施用、病虫害生物防治等角度建立规范,归纳总结提出黄芩无公害栽培生产技术体系,为临床应用提供优良黄芩种质资源及高质量黄芩药材,可为黄芩无公害栽培提供科学依据和技术参考。     

上海市中心城区12所学校夏季蚊虫侵害状况研究

目的 了解上海市中心城区各类学校环境蚊虫侵害水平,评估学生人群发生蚊媒相关疾病的风险.方法 随机选取黄浦区的5所托幼机构、4所小学和3所中学作为调查对象,采取孳生地调查和人诱法成蚊监测结合的方法,分别对各学校6、8月蚊虫侵害状况进行调查分析.结果 2012年8月与6月相比,托幼机构、小学和中学的白纹伊蚊平均密度均出现较大幅度上升(0.25vs.0只/30 min·监测点;3.67vs.0.92只/30 min·监测点;0.11vs.0.06只/30 min·监测点,上升幅度均超过100％),其中8月托幼机构和小学的成蚊密度分别达到0.45和3.67只/30 min·监测点;托幼机构和中小学小型积水孳生地阳性率也有不同程度的增加(47.1％vs.16.7％;34.5％vs.28.6％),托幼机构阳性率增加,经x2检验差异有统计学意义(x2=3.970,P=0.046).结论 研究发现,上海市中心城区学校的蚊虫侵害指标和蚊虫孳生地平均阳性数均高于上海市地方标准的相应指标,且暑期出现明显上升趋势;建议教育部门及相关学校应加大校园环境的治理力度,确保师生身体健康.     

石家庄市蚊幼虫孳生情况调查

目的 调查石家庄市区蚊幼虫孳生情况,为蚊虫防制提供科学依据.方法 于2011年7-8月对小型积水和容器积水采用直接观察法,大中型水体采用目测法结合捞勺法调查孳生情况;同时采集阳性积水或水体中的蚊幼虫带回实验室鉴定.结果 大中型水体广场喷泉池、公园景观水域(人工湖)、民心河(环城人工河),平均阳性率为10.94％;各类小型积水和容器积水1120处,蚊幼虫孳生阳性221处,阳性率在6.35％～38.46％之间,平均阳性率为19.73％.蚊幼虫孳生优势种群为白纹伊蚊和淡色库蚊,其中白纹伊蚊占42.74％,淡色库蚊占35.55％.结论 石家庄市不同水体蚊虫孳生各具特点,为蚊虫防制和治理策略制定提供了依据.     

白牦牛选育提高

本文对引进甘肃天祝白牦牛种公牛的繁育发展情况进行综述，旨在通过杂交改良，提高本地白牦牛的品质。     

The subfornical organ and the integration of multiple factors in thirst

Rats with lesions centered on the ventral stalk of the subfornical organ (SFO) were used to characterize the participation of this structure in the control of drinking. It is concluded that the SFO does indeed play some minor role in the mediation of drinking following intraventricular injections of angiotensin. Further, it is shown that lesions of the SFO, but not lesions of the adjacent septal-hippocampal tissue, attenuate osmotic thirst elicited by two doses of hypertonic saline. Diminished drinking responses following water deprivation, and normal feeding responses following food deprivation, underscore the importance of the SFO for drinking behavior in general, and an expanded role for the SFO in fluid regulation is suggested. However, some incidental observations suggest that the SFO is less than an equal partner with structures in the AV3V region in the overall control of water balance.     

Endocrine coordination in rhesus monkeys: female responses to the male

Female rhesus monkeys were captured from the free-ranging colony at La Parguera, Puerto Rico during the non-mating season and paired with testosterone propionate-treated and control males daily for 12 weeks. Testosterone propionate-treated males displayed high levels of sexual behavior and low levels of aggressive behavior compared to control males. Pairing females with such sexually active or inactive males had only minor effects on female sexual behavior and no measurable influence on ovarian cyclicity. These results indicate that sexual activity of males apparently failed to coordinate reproductive changes in females. Reproductive coordination previously reported in females may be due to interactions among females.